2013;4:130. doi:10.3389/fneur.2013.00130. [1] It is hydrophobic and readily dissolved in lipids. honokiol contents accounted for the anti-spasmodic effects of M. officinalis extracts in guinea pig isolated ileum. A flower on the magnolia tree, from which the Honokiol extract is taken. Calcium overloading can also cause damage by over-activation of calcium-stimulated enzymes. However, honokiol has been shown to achieve anxiolysis with fewer motor or cognitive side effects than GABAA receptor agonists such as flurazepam and diazepam. In a study where mice received seven daily injections of honokiol, researchers observed a significant increase in hippocampal levels of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)(67) a precursor to GABA. [2][6] In traditional Chinese medicine, magnolia bark is called Houpu and is most commonly taken from two species, Magnolia obovata and Magnolia officinalis. Neuropharmacol. Corroborating the inhibitory effect of honokiol in DC functional maturation, the inhibition of allogenic T-cell proliferation in DC:T-cell co-cultures was demonstrated. According to Herbal Wisdom, these two substances may help reduce stress and balance your cortisol levels. Honokiol can reduce calcium influx through inhibition of the fMLP, AlF4−, and thapsigargin G-protein pathways. [19], Studies examining honokiol as a protective therapy against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have identified a number of anti-inflammatory pathways. Keep magnolia bark extract out of reach of children. Here we review the safety and toxicological properties of magnolol and honokiol as pure substances or as components of concentrated MBE, including the potential side-effects in humans after oral intake. Honokiol has been shown to repress human glioma growth by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Two of them, known as Honokiol and Magnolol, are seen as the active ingredients. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. Effect on CNS: Honokiol has been shown to promote neurite outgrowth and have neurotrophic effects in rat cortical neurons. [1][20] Honokiol inhibits ROS production in neutrophils. [10], Honokiol has shown pro-apoptotic effects in melanoma, sarcoma, myeloma, leukemia, bladder, lung, prostate, oral squamous cell carcinoma,[11] in glioblastome multiforme cells [12] and colon cancer cell lines. 2019 study: Honokiol Improves Insulin Resistance, Hepatic Steatosis, and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes. In nature, honokiol exists with its structural isomer magnolol, which differs from honokiol only by the position of one hydroxyl group. 16 Honokiol and magnolol have also shown cytotoxic activity against human ovarian … It has been shown that honokiol likely has a higher selectivity for different GABAA receptor subtypes and both magnolol and honokiol showed higher efficacy when acting on receptors containing δ subunits. In many current animal studies the compound is dissolved in a lipid emollient and delivered through intraperitoneal injection. Commonly reported side effects of propafenone include: constipation, dyspnea, nausea, and dysgeusia. 2017 Review: Neuroprotective effects of honokiol: from chemistry to medicine. Furthermore, in these co-cultures, the presence of honokiol reduces the production of IFN-γ and increases the levels of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13, suggesting a shift of LPS-induced DC driven Th1 response towards a Th2 … The tubocurarine and related substances in magnolia bark may cause respiratory paralysis. Kuribara H, Kishi E, Hattori N, et al. [24], A high concentration of Ca2+ induces excitotoxicity which is believed to be the main mechanism behind movement disorders such as ALS, Parkinson's disease, and convulsive disorders like epilepsy. Honokiol is potentially effective against so many different types of cancer because of the multitude of its interactive, biological pathways. [1][3] As a result, honokiol is a potentially potent therapy with high bioavailability. Does dihydrohonokiol, a potent anxiolytic compound, result in the development of benzodiazepine-like side effects? J Pharm Pharmacol 2000;52:1425-9. Yeung WF, Chung KF, Ng KY, et al. [2], Magnolia bark has traditionally been used in Eastern medicine as analgesic and to treat anxiety and mood disorders. Herbalists commonly prescribe magnolia bark for abdominal pain and distention, constipation, coughing and shortness of breath. Subjective vertigo is the sensation that you are spinning in the room and objective vertigo is the sensation that the room is spinning around you. In in vitro studies, honokiol reduced fMLP (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine) and PMA (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate) induced neutrophil firm adhesion which is an integral step for infiltration. 15 In human breast cancer cells, honokiol downregulated P-glycoprotein, whose expression is responsible for acquired cancer multidrug resistance. Magnolia Bark (Honokiol) Side effects. So potent is honokiol's pro-apoptotic effects that it overcomes even notoriously drug resistant neoplasms such as multiple myeloma and chronic B-cell leukemia. Honokiol acts as a phospholipase inhibitor, thereby preventing tumor cell growth selectively (without affecting healthy cells), and inducing selective apoptosis (cell-death) in … [1], There are several methods for purifying and isolating honokiol. It has been shown to have antidepressant, anxiolytic, antioxidant, anti-HCV and anti-tumour effects. Honokiol may have potential in dermatological medicine. It has been identified as one of the chemical compounds in some traditional eastern herbal medicines along with magnolol, 4-O-methylhonokiol, and obovatol. Limited research has shown possible side effects might include heartburn, shaking hands, thyroid problems, sexual problems, tiredness and headache, as well as dizziness. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. [17], Honokiol has been shown to promote neurite outgrowth and have neuroprotective effects in rat cortical neurons. Notify your health care provider if you experience any difficulty breathing while taking magnolia bark. [13][14][15][16] Honokiol inhibits phosphorylation of Akt, p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and src. The process uses high-capacity high-speed countercurrent chromatography (high-capacity HSCCC). The anxiolytic effect of two oriental herbal drugs in Japan attributed to honokiol from magnolia bark. Magnolia bark may have antiseptic, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties and may be used to treat various inflammatory conditions, colds and flu. [14] Magnolia obovata has been used in the treatment of chest tightness and asthma for years. Honokiol has also been shown to inhibit repetitive firing by blocking glutamate. No mutations were observed and toxicity tests done over 90 days reporte… 2006 Aug;58(4):323-34. [4], Honokiol was shown to normalize blood glucose levels and prevent body weight gain in diabetic mice by acting as agonist of PPARgamma. [10] Honokiol is a weak cannabinoid CB2 receptor ligand but the naturally occurring derivative 4-O-methylhonokiol was shown to be a potent and selective cannabinoid CB2 receptor inverse agonist and to possess antiosteoclastic effects. Such unwanted side effects limit the clinical usefulness of benzodiazepine anxiolytics (Schweizer et al., 1995; Woods et al., 1992, 1995; Woods and Winger, 1995). There are reports that it can increase bleeding. Therefore, magnolia may also help combat the effects of excessive stress. 2016 Jan;60(1):10-6. doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12343, Woodbury A, Yu SP, Wei L, García P. Neuro-Modulating Effects of Honokiol: A Review. Two mechanisms used to achieve this inhibition are GABAA Modulation and Ca2+ Inhibition. Neutrophil infiltration of injured tissues can cause further damage and issues with healing. Keep magnolia bark extract out of reach of children. This herb is aromatic, pungent, warming and stimulating and can help strengthen your stomach and digestive system, according to Herbalist. Other side effects include: cardiac rate disturbance, death, atrial flutter, ventricular arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, blurred vision, heart murmur, myasthenia, asthenia, diarrhea, first degree atrioventricular block, vomiting, ecchymoses, and unpleasant taste. [1] Traditionally in Asian medicine, the Magnolia biondii, Magnolia obovata, and Magnolia officinalis are commonly used. This includes those who have hemorrhages or patients with disorders such as hemophilia or von Willebrand’s deficiency .Multiple animal studies reported no change in diet, appetite, weight, or other body activities. Honokiol belongs to a class of neolignan biphenols. Consult with your health care provider or certified herbalist prior to using magnolia bark extract. Honokiol has been extracted from a number of species of Magnolia native to many regions of the globe. Honokiol has been used to treat various health problems but one should remember that it is not entirely free from all risks. Front Neurol. PLoS One. Honokiol appears nearly as effective as the benzodiazepine drug Valium (diazepam) in relieving anxiety, but with far fewer motor and cognitive side effects. Side Effects. At high doses (greater than 9 g), excessive bleeding or neurotoxicity can occur [4, 42].Those with a bleeding disorder or clotting disorder are not recommended to take magnolia supplements. [29] Because honokiol is highly hydrophobic it must be dissolved in a lipid for many delivery methods. J Agric Food Chem. [23], It is believed that honokiol acts on GABAA receptors similarly to benzodiazepines and Z-drugs. Magnolia bark may also cause some undesirable side effects. [7] Some Chinese traditional formulas containing Houpu include Banxia Houpu Tang (半夏厚朴丸), Xiao Zhengai Tang, Ping Wei San(平胃散) and Shenmi Tang. There are a number of supplements available containing honokiol. 2015;2015:160189. doi:10.1155/2015/160189, Alexeev M, Grosenbaugh DK, Mott DD, Fisher JL. Additionally, honokiol regulates the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation pathway, an upstream effector of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), MCL1, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), all significant pro-angiogenic and survival factors. That way, your doctor can check on any potential side effects or interactions with any medications. Kuribara H, Kishi E, Maruyama Y. This effect was observed with repeated doses as low as 0.2 mg/kg. Magnolia tea made from the bark of the tree is also a common delivery method of honokiol. The anxiolytic effect of two oriental herbal drugs in Japan attributed to honokiol from magnolia bark. However, the specific mechanism … According to E Natural Health Center, magnolia bark can help remove dampness from your body, relieve asthma and improve your digestion. Kuribara H, Kishi E, Maruyama Y. [1][28], Honokiol is most commonly taken orally. Honokiol also acts on the PI3K/mTOR pathway in tumor cells while maintaining pathway activity in T cells. Controlled Clinical Study in Menopause. [20] Accumulation of ROS extracellularly causes macromolecular damage while intracellular accumulation may induce cytokine activation. On the other hand, the diazepam group exhibited several side effects, including sleepiness, disrupted learning and memory, muscle relaxation, and withdrawal symptoms. There is growing evidence that neuroinflammation is closely linked to depression. [5] Through this method honokiol can be separated and purified to above 98% purity with a high yield in under an hour. Magnolia bark has been used in Chinese medicine for more than 2,000 years. The following people should consult with a physician before using a magnolia supplement: Women who are pregnant or breast feeding. 2012 Jun;62(8):2507-14. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.03.002, Peterson J, Dwyer J, Adlercreutz H, et al. One way that honokiol acts as a neuroprotective is through cellular regulation and subsequent inhibition of cytotoxicity. It has been shown to have antitumorigenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects as well. Does dihydrohonokiol, a potent anxiolytic compound, result in the development of benzodiazepine-like side effects? Mucci M, Carraro C, Mancino P, et al. Honokiol is also considered to be an anxiolytic par excellence and is, therefore, often recommended for the medical treatment of anxiety, psychomotor agitation, spasms, insomnia and alcohol … // Leaf Group Lifestyle. These include induction of G0/G1 and G2/M cell cycle arrest (via the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and cyclin proteins), epithelial-mesenchymal transition inhibition via the downregulation of mesenchymal markers and … 2007 Nov 14;55(23):9465-9. Magnolia grandiflora, which is native to the American South, as well as Mexican species like Magnolia dealbata have been found to be sources of honokiol. work developing liposomal emulsions for IV delivery. Honokiol significantly reduced the effects of stroke and improved the memory when administered intravenously to rodents at a dose of 10-4 mg / kg and 10-3 mg / kg (9). Brain Booster Japanese researchers have determined that the magnolol and honokiol components of Magnolia officinalis can be up to one thousand times more potent than alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) in their antioxidant activity, thereby offering a potential heart-health … Additionally a rapid separation approach was published in the Journal of Chromatography A in 2007. Greenberg M, Urnezis P, Tian M. Compressed Mints and Chewing Gum Containing Magnolia Bark Extract Are Effective Against Bacteria Responsible for Oral Malodor. [1] GABAA receptors control ligand-gated Cl− channels that can help increase seizure thresholds through the influx of chloride anions. Because of its physical properties, honokiol can readily cross the blood brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. However, methods developed in 2006 by workers in the lab of Jack L. Arbiser, took advantage of the proximity of the phenolic hydroxyl groups in magnolol, which form a protectable diol, to generate a magnolol acetonide (Figure 1), with a subsequent simple purification via flash chromatography over silica.[4]. Honokiol has shown inhibitory effects against angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels that facilitate tumor growth. Various studies have proven that honokiol exerts broad-range anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo by regulating numerous signalling pathways. This effect of honokiol was inhibited by administration of subcutaneous flumazenil, bicuculline (a … Honokiol continues to be widely researched for its effects on various health issues. Honokiol has a comparatively lower risk of causing benzodiazepine-like side effects, such as central depression, muscle relaxation, amnesia, or physical dependence. bark, and is the most widely researched active constituent of the bark. (1, 2, 3) Benefits of Honokiol. The U.S. Food ... "Long-term supplementation of honokiol and … Prescription of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Pattern-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment for Depression: A Systematic Review. 2018 study: Honokiol: An Anti-Cancer Lignan. Lindsay Staker is an Oriental medicine practitioner who specializes in treating infertility, women's health and pregnancy. Magnolia bark contains a substance called tubocurarine, which is an alkaloid that is commonly used as a muscle relaxant. 2010 Oct;68(10):571-603. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00319.x. They concluded that Honokiol possessed “anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory” properties on brain tissue. Magnolia bark may also help relieve chest tightness and phlegm congestion that is associated with asthma. Honokiol achieved this with less motor or cognitive side effects than oral diazepam. It is also toxic to small children and infants, even in small doses. Traditional Chinese Medicine: What You Need To Know. Because of the very similar properties of magnolol and honokiol, purification has often been limited to a HPLC or electromigration. Honokiol has shown anti-anxiety effects while avoiding the side effects of many sedatives. [1] PSD95 and nNOS coupling to the NMDA receptor causes a conformational change responsible for the intracellular influx of Ca2+ which could in turn be a pathway for neurotoxicity. Recommended dosage: Microbiol Immunol. Soy Isoflavones, Lactobacilli, Magnolia Bark Extract, Vitamin D3 and Calcium. Dietary lignans: physiology and potential for cardiovascular disease risk reduction.Nutr Rev. [1] Additionally, patients already taking anticoagulants should talk to their doctor before taking honokiol supplements. The tubocurarine and related substances in magnolia bark may cause respiratory paralysis. Additionally, honokiol increases free cytoplasmic Ca2+ in rat cortical neurons. Honokiol Dosage. [25] It has weak in vitro activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Honokiol has also been proposed as an antioxidant. Magnolol-Mediated Regulation of Plasma Triglyceride Through Affecting Lipoprotein Lipase Activity in Apolipoprotein A5 Knock-in Mice. View abstract. She utilizes more than 15 years experience in the healthcare field including background as a midwife and has a master's degree in acupuncture and Oriental medicine. Notify your health care provider if you experience any difficulty breathing while taking magnolia bark. Honokiol has been used to benefit the body in a variety of ways in both traditional and modern medicine. Can Certain Herbs Decrease the Female Libido? Two chemicals found in magnolia bark are honokiol and magnolol, which both have strong antioxidant activity. What Are the Benefits of Frankincense & Myrrh? [2][6], Honokiol is a pleiotropic compound, meaning it is able to act on the body through a number of pathways. Kuribara et al. [20] Honokiol also blocks inflammatory factor production in glial cells through the inhibition on NF-κB activation. Magnolia bark contains a substance called tubocurarine, which is an alkaloid that is commonly used as a muscle relaxant. [1][8][9], Research has shown a fairly limited side effect profile for honokiol and it appears to be fairly well tolerated. Minerva Ginecol. Honokiol is also neurotoxic at high concentrations. This was shown in vitro and in vivo.It has been known to cross the Blood Brain Barrier in both mice and rats since 2011.
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